000			03114cam a2200397 a 4500
001			ocn811238972
003			OCoLC
005			20251028093303.0
008			120925s2013 mau b 001 0 eng
010			_a 2012033665
035			_a(Sirsi) i9780674073043
040			_aDLC _beng _cDLC _dYDX _dOCLCO _dYDXCP _dBTCTA _dBDX _dUKMGB _dCDX _dBWX _dVP@ _dCHVBK _dLMR _dVLB _dHEBIS _dOCLCF _dVF$
016	7		_a016280103 _2Uk
020			_a9780674073043
020			_a0674073045
035			_a(OCoLC)811238972
043			_an-us---
050	0	0	_aLB 3051 _b.R3553 2013
049			_aVF$A
100	1		_aReese, William J., _d1951-
245	1	0	_aTesting wars in the public schools : _ba forgotten history / _cWilliam J. Reese.
260			_aCambridge, Mass. : _bHarvard University Press, _c2013.
300			_a298 p. ; _c25 cm.
504			_aIncludes bibliographical references and index.
505	0		_aFestivals of learning -- A putting-down sin -- Screwing machines -- A pile of thunder-bolts -- Thanatopsis and square roots -- Chewing pencil tops -- The culture of testing.
520			_aWritten tests to evaluate students were a radical and controversial innovation when American educators began adopting them in the 1800s. Testing quickly became a key factor in the political battles during this period that gave birth to America's modern public school system. William J. Reese offers a richly detailed history of an educational revolution that has so far been only partially told. Single-classroom schools were the norm throughout the United States at the turn of the nineteenth century. Pupils demonstrated their knowledge by rote recitation of lessons and were often assessed according to criteria of behavior and discipline having little to do with academics. Convinced of the inadequacy of this system, the reformer Horace Mann and allies on the Boston School Committee crafted America's fist written exam and administered it as a surprise in local schools in 1845. The embarrassingly poor results became front-page news and led to the first serious consideration of tests as a useful pedagogic tool and objective measure of student achievement. A generation after Mann's experiment, testing had become widespread. Despite critics' ongoing claims that exams narrowed the curriculum, ruined children's health, and turned teachers into automatons, once test took root in America schools their legitimacy was never seriously challenged. Testing Wars in the Public Schools puts contemporary battles over scholastic standards and benchmarks into perspective by showcasing the historic successes and limitations of the pencil-and paper exam.
650		0	_aEducational tests and measurements _zUnited States _xHistory _y19th century.
650		0	_aPublic schools _zUnited States _xHistory _y19th century.
650		7	_aEducational tests and measurements. _2fast _0(OCoLC)fst00903660
650		7	_aPublic schools. _2fast _0(OCoLC)fst01082942
651		7	_aUnited States. _2fast _0(OCoLC)fst01204155
648		7	_a1800 - 1899 _2fast
655		7	_aHistory. _2fast _0(OCoLC)fst01411628
994			_aC0 _bVF$
999			_c133196 _d133196