Ecology of woodlands and forests : description, dynamics and diversity /
Thomas, Peter A., 1957-
Ecology of woodlands and forests : description, dynamics and diversity / Peter A. Thomas and John R. Packham. - Cambridge ; New York : Cambridge University Press, 2007. - xiv, 528 p. : ill., maps ; 25 cm.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 483-513) and index.
Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Metric equivalents -- Introduction : Forest basics -- Characteristics of woodlands and forests-- value of woodlands and forests -- Tree biology and how it influences woodland ecology -- Spatial structure -- woodland ecosystem : food chains, food webs and the plant, animal and decomposition subsystems -- Forest types and classification -- Regional classifications of forests and woodlands -- Forest soils, climate and zonation -- Soils and trees -- Features of forest soils -- Roots, foraging and competition -- Forest zonation and site quality -- Rain forests : climate, soils and variation -- Primary production and forest development -- Plant life forms and biological spectra -- Light and shade -- Water -- Temperature and pollutant influences on tree growth -- Altitudinal zonation and timberlines -- Evergreen and deciduous strategies: aspects of competitive advantage -- Contrasts between three widespread tree genera : the pines, beeches and oaks -- Ecology and significance of ageing trees -- 1. 1.1. 1.2. The 1.3. 1.4. 1.5. The 1.6. 1.7. 2. 2.1. 2.2. 2.3. 2.4. 2.5. 3. 3.1. 3.2. 3.3. 3.4. 3.5. 3.6. 3.7. 3.8. Reproductive strategies of forest plants -- Plant strategies -- Regenerative strategies and vegetative spread -- Reproduction and fruiting -- Masting -- Roles and influences of animals -- Time constraints -- Biotic interactions -- Producers and consumers -- interdependence of producers and consumers -- Insect defoliation and damage -- Forest fungi -- Specialized heterotrophs : epiphytes, parasites and saprotrophs -- Exotic plants -- Herbivorous mammals and birds -- impact of woodland carnivores and omnivores -- Herbivores and the Holocene : did the lowland European forest have a closed canopy? -- Biodiversity in woodlands -- Genetic variation in populations and its implications -- Selection pressures and biodiversity -- Biodiversity at organism, population and habitat levels -- Changes in species diversity over time -- What allows species to co-exist in a woodland? -- Conservation, biodiversity, population integrity and uniqueness -- 4. 4.1. 4.2. 4.3. 4.4. 4.5. 4.6. 5. 5.1. 5.2. The 5.3. 5.4. 5.5. 5.6. 5.7. 5.8. The 5.9. 6. 6.1. 6.2. 6.3. 6.4. 6.5. 6.6. Decomposition and renewal -- vital key to a working forest -- Decomposition -- Degradative stages -- How much dead material is there? -- What controls the rate of decomposition? -- Rates of decomposition -- Woody material -- Energy and nutrients -- Growth of forests -- Energy flow through forest ecosystems -- Nutrient cycling -- Nitrogen -- Nutrient dynamics in different forests -- Human influences -- Forest change and disturbance -- Ecology of past forests -- Ecological processes that govern change -- Disturbance, patch dynamics and scales of change -- Examples of forest change -- Stability and diversity -- Working forests -- Forest resources and products -- Single- and multi-use forests -- Silviculture and the replacement of trees -- Improving the forest : choice of species and provenance -- Forest practices -- Sustainable forest management -- Landscape ecology and forests -- future - how will our forests change? -- Threats to forests and the increasing demand for timber -- Desertification -- Climate change -- Other causes of forest decline -- Problems in urban forests - the social interface -- Agroforestry and new forests -- final challenge -- References -- Index. 7. 7.1. The 7.2. 7.3. 7.4. 7.5. 7.6. 7.7. 8. 8.1. 8.2. 8.3. 8.4. 8.5. 8.6. 9. 9.1. 9.2. 9.3. 9.4. 9.5. 10. 10.1. 10.2. 10.3. 10.4. 10.5. 10.6. 10.7. 11. The 11.1. 11.2. 11.3. 11.4. 11.5. 11.6. 11.7. The
9780521834520 (hbk.) 052183452X (hbk.) 9780521542319 (pbk.) 0521542316 (pbk.)
2007299874
GBA726044 bnb
013708981 Uk
Forest ecology.
Forest ecology--Case studies.
QH541.5.F6 / T524 2007
Ecology of woodlands and forests : description, dynamics and diversity / Peter A. Thomas and John R. Packham. - Cambridge ; New York : Cambridge University Press, 2007. - xiv, 528 p. : ill., maps ; 25 cm.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 483-513) and index.
Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Metric equivalents -- Introduction : Forest basics -- Characteristics of woodlands and forests-- value of woodlands and forests -- Tree biology and how it influences woodland ecology -- Spatial structure -- woodland ecosystem : food chains, food webs and the plant, animal and decomposition subsystems -- Forest types and classification -- Regional classifications of forests and woodlands -- Forest soils, climate and zonation -- Soils and trees -- Features of forest soils -- Roots, foraging and competition -- Forest zonation and site quality -- Rain forests : climate, soils and variation -- Primary production and forest development -- Plant life forms and biological spectra -- Light and shade -- Water -- Temperature and pollutant influences on tree growth -- Altitudinal zonation and timberlines -- Evergreen and deciduous strategies: aspects of competitive advantage -- Contrasts between three widespread tree genera : the pines, beeches and oaks -- Ecology and significance of ageing trees -- 1. 1.1. 1.2. The 1.3. 1.4. 1.5. The 1.6. 1.7. 2. 2.1. 2.2. 2.3. 2.4. 2.5. 3. 3.1. 3.2. 3.3. 3.4. 3.5. 3.6. 3.7. 3.8. Reproductive strategies of forest plants -- Plant strategies -- Regenerative strategies and vegetative spread -- Reproduction and fruiting -- Masting -- Roles and influences of animals -- Time constraints -- Biotic interactions -- Producers and consumers -- interdependence of producers and consumers -- Insect defoliation and damage -- Forest fungi -- Specialized heterotrophs : epiphytes, parasites and saprotrophs -- Exotic plants -- Herbivorous mammals and birds -- impact of woodland carnivores and omnivores -- Herbivores and the Holocene : did the lowland European forest have a closed canopy? -- Biodiversity in woodlands -- Genetic variation in populations and its implications -- Selection pressures and biodiversity -- Biodiversity at organism, population and habitat levels -- Changes in species diversity over time -- What allows species to co-exist in a woodland? -- Conservation, biodiversity, population integrity and uniqueness -- 4. 4.1. 4.2. 4.3. 4.4. 4.5. 4.6. 5. 5.1. 5.2. The 5.3. 5.4. 5.5. 5.6. 5.7. 5.8. The 5.9. 6. 6.1. 6.2. 6.3. 6.4. 6.5. 6.6. Decomposition and renewal -- vital key to a working forest -- Decomposition -- Degradative stages -- How much dead material is there? -- What controls the rate of decomposition? -- Rates of decomposition -- Woody material -- Energy and nutrients -- Growth of forests -- Energy flow through forest ecosystems -- Nutrient cycling -- Nitrogen -- Nutrient dynamics in different forests -- Human influences -- Forest change and disturbance -- Ecology of past forests -- Ecological processes that govern change -- Disturbance, patch dynamics and scales of change -- Examples of forest change -- Stability and diversity -- Working forests -- Forest resources and products -- Single- and multi-use forests -- Silviculture and the replacement of trees -- Improving the forest : choice of species and provenance -- Forest practices -- Sustainable forest management -- Landscape ecology and forests -- future - how will our forests change? -- Threats to forests and the increasing demand for timber -- Desertification -- Climate change -- Other causes of forest decline -- Problems in urban forests - the social interface -- Agroforestry and new forests -- final challenge -- References -- Index. 7. 7.1. The 7.2. 7.3. 7.4. 7.5. 7.6. 7.7. 8. 8.1. 8.2. 8.3. 8.4. 8.5. 8.6. 9. 9.1. 9.2. 9.3. 9.4. 9.5. 10. 10.1. 10.2. 10.3. 10.4. 10.5. 10.6. 10.7. 11. The 11.1. 11.2. 11.3. 11.4. 11.5. 11.6. 11.7. The
9780521834520 (hbk.) 052183452X (hbk.) 9780521542319 (pbk.) 0521542316 (pbk.)
2007299874
GBA726044 bnb
013708981 Uk
Forest ecology.
Forest ecology--Case studies.
QH541.5.F6 / T524 2007